A Day Without Media Essay

In the book â€Å"Amusing Ourselves to Death† the possibility that inundation in what we love will prompt our end is introduced and broke down. Subsequent to perusing this book I took it upon myself, as a major aspect of a class task, to go 24 hours without media. At first I accepted this would be a simple assignment however discovered that all in all we are encircled by media in each occasion of our lives. From vehicle rides, to just strolling around my home I must be attentive to dodge media that would reset my 24 hour time period. In Postman’s book, â€Å"Amusing Ourselves to Death†, he considers how the TV carries families to a similar room however makes partition between them. In my time without media I went through two suppers with my family (a lunch and supper). At both of these get-togethers my family talked significantly more than we normally did. While sitting in front of the TV we would â€Å"shush† each other to hear the show, however without it we talked about school, governmental issues, and discussions, for example, sanctioning weed. Glancing back at this I see Postman’s point. We become so centered around the story collapsing out before us that we shut out one another all the while. I likewise saw a similar impact when I was driving with my granddad that night. He expected to convey a present to family and I required driving hours, so I drove the 90 minutes drive. I wasn’t permitted to contact the radio in light of my media break so we talked for that time. I discovered that my nearby granddad, whom I see five times each week, has serious lower leg issue and would get treatment soon thereafter. I like to think I’m near my family, yet this happening without me in any event, thinking about it inspired an emotional response in me. What amount do we truly think about our friends and family? What essentially hasn’t come up in light of the fact that we invest our energy finding out about the new VIP prevailing fashions or who wore what where? As I’m staying here tuning in to the radio while composing this I need to consider Postman’s contemplations of how interwoven our reality is with media. As he put it, President Taft wouldn’t have been casted a ballot into office in today’s world in light of the fact that less individuals would decide in favor of somebody that overweight. By this Postman intends to call attention to how media has contact our lives. Not having the option to utilize my mobile phone to consider individuals or watch the news on TV, contracted myâ world to what I could see, hear, and contact around me. I invested the majority of my energy in my room perusing books to sit back, and when I left my room I just observed my family room, kitchen, and somewhat outside. We depend on TV, radio, and other media to bring us data. Be that as it may, what is never a given is that the data sources we rely upon aren’t one-sided. At the point when sentiments camouflaged as â€Å"facts† are seen with no investigation and fully trusted, we are just making sue do assessments that aren’t even our own. This impact in our lives accentuates cracks in goals, yet in addition can enable gatherings to distort data and misdirect others. Perhaps we are not just â€Å"Amusing Ourselves to Death† yet Amusing Ourselves to the Death of Ourselves. At the point when I was in center school up till eighth grade I had a companion who used to watch BBC all the time as a youngster. I got some information about his discourse examples, and him revealing to me that he even used to have a British articulation! I can likewise identify with these considerations. At the point when I was littler I used to talk utilizing linguistic structure that wasn’t exceptionally ordinary. This was on the grounds that I used to be exceptionally shielded and not get out a lot. Sesame Street was one of my top choices as a youngster. Relational abilities must be created like whatever else, with training. At the point when I wasn’t presented to individuals talking calmly, I built up a method of talking that didn’t fit with the individuals around me. This is a prime case of Postman’s point. We as another age can’t convey like we ought to have the option to. Innovation has stripped us of that. At the point when most children get don’t recognize what to state next in a circumstance, the check their telephones. This is a genuine case of our dependence on media and innovation and shows our subliminal reliance on these gadgets. When you go to your TV today around evening time who or what do you see? What do you realize? What human connection do you take an interest in? Mailman makes reference to in his book how through TV we figure out how to cooperate with individuals. Be that as it may, these individuals we figure out how to connect with don’t act like genuine people do. They are entertainers, their body developments and word stating has been arranged out and set bit by bit for them. This implies those on-screen characters we figure out how to connect with, and propensities we gain don’t help us to converse with individuals up close and personal. Whileâ breaking from media I contemplated this at a point. In synopsis I accept the time I spent without media permitted me to see through Postman’s perspective. The idea that the media we love so sincerely is gradually wrecking us may appear to be crazy from the outset, however when further broke down has ground to remain on. We increase social abilities, news, conclusions, predisposition, and a focal gathering place for a family from media. Are these fortunate or unfortunate? Does this media impact our life to the point that it is the principle factor we as a whole stick to? We need to watch ourselves against the negative impacts of this innovation so we are not utilized. That doesn’t mean we cut ourselves off from it totally. In the event that we do that than we are contracting our reality view to that which we can see ourselves. Like everything else in life we should take new media in extent, with a reasonable brain. In the event that so we might have the option to abstain from â€Å"Amusing Ourselves to Death†.

Nike Wacc Case Study

Monetary Management Agenda 1. What is the WACC and for what reason is it imperative to appraise a firm’s cost of capital? Do you concur with Joanna Cohen’s WACC count? Why or why not? 2. On the off chance that you don't concur with Cohen’s examination, compute your own WACC for Nike and legitimize your suppositions. 3. Figure the expenses of value utilizing CAPM, the profit markdown model, and the income capitalization proportion. What are the points of interest and burdens of every technique? 4. What ought to Kimi Ford suggest in regards to an interest in Nike? 2 Case Overview Nike, Inc. NorthPoint Group Investment Decision Current offer cost of USD 42. 09 ? Declining piece of the pie for the period 1997-2000 ? System for renewing the organization viable ? Plan to help income and advance expenses ? Exceptionally experienced supervisory crew ? Shared reserve the board firm ? Accentuation on huge top worth stocks ? Has been beating the market for as long as year a nd a half ? Kimi Ford †portfolio director trying to distinguish underestimated stocks, predictable with the fund’s speculation technique ? Stock valuation dependent on determining future incomes over a multi year time span ? Limiting the UFCFF utilizing a foreordained WACC esteem ? Computing the markdown factor dependent on the CAPM approach ? Considering affectability examination 3 Understanding the WACC ? The Weighted Average Cost of Capital is the financing cost (insignificant return) at which speculator provided capital (value and enthusiasm bearing credits) has been given. Along these lines, it is the weighted normal least desire, which investors and lenders require for their individual speculations made with the organization viable. The WACC reflects both, the expense of value and the expense of obligation. Various wellsprings of assets have various expenses and in this manner, contingent upon the capital structure of the association, the weightings of obligation and value are determined and alloted. ? The WACC is determined utilizing the accompanying condition: WACC = [E/(D+E)] x Ke + [D/(D+E)] x Kd (1-t) ? The base required profit for shareholders’ speculation. ? CAPM strategy has been gen erally utilized in computing the expense of value. ? Ke = Rf + b. (Rm †Rf) ? Hazard level and instability are determined dependent on recorded information. Cost of Equity Cost of Debt ? The loan fee at which an organization can secure new obligation. ? Any fixed rates on extraordinary obligation are not significant, since the financial specialists are worried about what it will cost the organization to create money from any future ventures, which would happen at showcase rates as opposed to recorded ones. ? After duty cost of obligation = (1-t)Kd, since intrigue is charge deductible. 4 Critique of Joanna’s Calculations Calculating Ke Since Joanna’s FCF estimate mirrors a multi year time frame, it could be contended that, for consistency, the yield of a hazard free multi year security ought to be utilized. ? A math mean estimation of the hazard premium is commonly acknowledged as a suitable methodology by the venture network. * ? Since Nike is a global organization, its income stream bears extra hazard dependent on the particular assignments to d ifferent nations. This ought to mirror extra hazard premium, for example, conversion scale chance, political hazard and so on. Such figuring goes past the extent of this case however it ought not be overlooked. Beta has been determined as a memorable normal yet the included worth YTD 06/30/01 ought to be avoided not just since it isn't predictable as far as period length, however the array business is occasional with extraordinary bit of the incomes coming during the long stretches of Dec. what's more, Nov. Notable betas preceding 1996 ought not be rejected. Computing Kd ? Cost of obligation isn't appropriately determined since potential investors and lenders are not worried about enthusiasm on extraordinary obligation, yet rather the present market rate at which the organization could obtain to back its tasks and potential extension. The method utilized by Joanna is helpful just to get some unpleasant understanding on what Nike is paying on its current obligation. ? Joanna has embr aced a suitable methodology in ascertaining the after expense cost of obligation, since obligation is charge deductible. ? Joanna is all in all correct to consider obligation named in remote money, anyway her methodology is defective since she is by and by taking a gander at extraordinary obligation, which courses of action that happened previously may essentially contrast from the present market reality. ? Since existing Nike securities are exchanging at markdown, we definitely realize that the market yield surpasses the coupon rate. 5 Strong contentions exist for utilizing the geometric mean in specific situations. This point will be additionally explained Agenda 1. What is the WACC and for what reason is it critical to assess a firm’s cost of capital? Do you concur with Joanna Cohen’s WACC estimation? Why or why not? 2. In the event that you don't concur with Cohen’s examination, ascertain your own WACC for Nike and legitimize your suspicions. 3. Ascertain th e expenses of value utilizing CAPM, the profit rebate model, and the income capitalization proportion. What are the points of interest and weaknesses of every strategy? 4. What ought to Kimi Ford suggest in regards to an interest in Nike? Ascertaining Cost of Equity ? Rf = 5. 39% dependent on the present multi year yield for consistency with the guage multi year FCFF. ? Figuring hazard premium dependent on number juggling normal versus geometric mean: ? Number-crunching normal expect no sequential relationship and in this manner could be exaggerating the premium. ? Number juggling normal overlooks estimation mistake and accessible information is restricted. ? Number-crunching normal works best for guaging momentary periods where long haul periods appear to be better caught by the geometric mean. Cost of Equity Yield on 10-year Treasuries Risk premium †created showcase (geo. Hazard premium †created advertise (arit. ) 5. 39% 5. 90% 7. half Average hazard premium Risk premium †nation explicit Levered ? Unlevered Cost of Equity 6. 70% 0. 00% 0. 82 0. 77 10. 91% ? The two strategies are adequate and despite the fact that the number-crunching mean is broadly acknowledged as the correct strategy, we are utilizing a normal of both since we are managing a drawn out period and the geometric mean could be possibly increasingly delegate. ? No extra nation hazard premium is accepted because of absence of information. ? Unlevered beta has been determined so as to reflect just the measure of business chance. For any future beta projections it will be increasingly suitable to compute relevered beta dependent on the focused on capital structure. Beta 1996 1997 1998 0. 98 0. 84 0. 84 1999 2000 Average 0. 63 0. 83 0. 82 7 Sources: Ibbotson Associates, Aswath Damodaran Calculating Cost of Debt ? To compute the proper respect development we have to consider that the settlement date (05/07/2011) falls between coupon installments, implying that the main period will be shorter than the staying 40 (20 years of semiannual installments). ? We compute an exchange cost (messy cost) of USD 98. 9 utilizing a YTM of roughly 7. 17%. In the wake of altering for the collected intrigue we get the provided cost estimate of USD 95. 60. ? We are not considering the compelling YTM for the expense of obligation since it isn't certain whether the profits could be reinvested at a similar rate because of the accompanying reasons (list not thorough): ? The yield bend is normally not flat. ? The state of the bend is d ynamic and changes after some time. ? Some premium ought to be considered on obligation gave in outside cash, however this goes past the extent of this task and no obligation breakdown has been accommodated that issue. Cost of Debt Coupon Years to development Periods inside one year Total periods Face estimation of c-security Market cost of c-security YTM* Effective YTM 6. 75% 20. 03 2 40. 05 100. 00 95. 60 7. 17% 7. 30% Yield to Maturity Days from last coupon date Days to next coupon date Days between coupon dates Transaction cost Accrued intrigue alteration Quoted value Yield to development 171 10 181 98. 79 3. 19 95. 60 7. 17% 8 * Calculations have been made dependent on a multi day year Calculating WACC 10. 26% WACC †¢ Calculations of the weightings †¢ We use book estimation of obligation since not Weightings Ke/Kd onsider the market estimation of value dependent on the present cost per share and the weakened offers exceptional. 89. 87%* 10. 13%** all enthusiasm bearing obligation is as bonds developing on 07/15/21 with a current YTD of 7. 17%. Be that as it may, since the organization has low influence and isn't under money related misery, there ought not be a critical contrast betwe en the present market and book estimation of the exceptional obligation. Cost of Equity After Tax Cost of Debt 10. 91% †¢ Calculations depend on reexamined 4. 44% †¢ Before charge cost of obligation has been suppositions recently depicted. †¢ Cost of value isn't to be balanced reviously determined at 7. 17%. †¢ After applying charge pace of 38% the for charges. after assessment cost of obligation adds up to 4. 44%. 9 * Market capitalization starting at 05/07/2001 is USD 11. 5 bn. ** Total enthusiasm bearing obligation (current + non-current) starting at 31/05/2001 is USD 11. 3 bn. Figures starting at 05/07/2001 are not accommodated a superior gauge. Plan 1. What is the WACC and for what reason is it critical to assess a firm’s cost of capital? Do you concur with Joanna Cohen’s WACC figuring? Why or why not? 2. On the off chance that you don't concur with Cohen’s examination, figure your own WACC for Nike and legitimize your suspicions. 3. Ascertain the expenses of value utilizing CAPM, the profit rebate model, and the income capitalization proportion. What are the focal points and weaknesses of every technique? 4. What ought to Kimi Ford suggest with respect to an interest in Nike? 10 Other Methods for Calculating Cost of Equity ? Po = Do(1+g)/(r-g) ? Could be utilized for develop organizations, which deliver profits consistently, and it is sensible to expect that they will likewise do as such within a reasonable time-frame. ? The DDM model is excessively delicate ove

Opportunity Cost Essay

Lets start with a little prologue to the point Opportunity Cost. Opportunity cost is the expense of any movement estimated regarding the estimation of the following best option done without (that isn't picked). It is the penance identified with the second best decision accessible to somebody, or gathering, who has picked among a few fundamentally unrelated options. The open door cost is likewise the â€Å"cost† (as a lost advantage) of the done without items in the wake of settling on a decision. Opportunity cost is a key idea in financial matters, and has been portrayed as communicating â€Å"the essential connection among shortage and choice†. The thought of chance cost has a significant impact in guaranteeing that rare assets are utilized proficiently. Subsequently, opportunity costs are not limited to money related or budgetary costs: the genuine expense of yield sworn off, lost time, delight or whatever other advantage that gives utility ought to likewise be viewed as happenstance costs. Presently lets see Opportunity Cost from the purpose of creation. Opportunity expenses might be evaluated in the dynamic procedure of creation. In the event that the laborers on a ranch can create it is possible that one million pounds of wheat or 2,000,000 pounds of grain, at that point the open door cost of delivering one pound of wheat is the two pounds of grain sworn off (accepting the creation prospects wilderness is straight). Firms would settle on discerning choices by gauging the penances in question. Seeing Opportunity Cost from the purpose of Implicit and Explicit Cost. Certain expenses are the open door costs that in variables of creation that a maker as of now possesses. They are proportional to what the elements could acquire for the firm in elective uses, either worked inside the firm or lease to different firms. For instance, a firm pays $300 every month the entire year for lease on a stockroom that solitary holds item for a half year every year. The firm could lease the distribution center out for the unused a half year, at any cost (accepting a year-long rent prerequisite), and that would be the cost that could be spent on different variables of creation. Express expenses are opportunity costs that include direct financial installment by makers. The open door cost of the components of creation not effectively possessed by a maker is the value that the maker needs to pay for them. For example, a firm burns through $100 on electrical force expended, their chance expense is $100. The firm has relinquished $100, which could have been spent on different components of creation. Presently lets take a gander at some genuine models from my life inorder to comprehend Opportunity Costs better. Opportunity Cost Examples that I myself have been over I have just Rs 1000 to spend and I have two options, I can eat at a pleasant café or purchase a decent cricket bat. I spend my Rs 1000 on purchasing the cricket bat, at that point the open door cost of that decision is the flavorful feast I didn't pick and let go. Opportunity Cost likewise works concerning time. Eg-I just have two hours of leisure time. I could either go out to see a film or meet a companion of mine. I decide to invest my energy at the film, the open door cost of this choice is the time I could have spent getting a charge out of the organization of my companion. Here’s another model When just because I chose to put away my set aside cash lying with me. I had two alternatives that I could do with the cash I had. My first decision was either putting resources into Quite a while or leave the cash in a Savings Account that gains just 5% every year. I put resources into Mutual Funds and it returned 10%, here I’ve profited by my choice on the grounds that the option would have been less productive. Be that as it may, if the Mutual Fund would have returned just 2% when I could have had 5% from the Savings Account, at that point my chance expense would have been (5% †2% = 3%). To sum up Opportunity Cost, shortage makes decision, and each decision has an incentive to us. That worth can be taken a gander at as far as advantages and regarding cost. Worth isn't constantly estimated in money related terms however in some cases estimated as far as time or satisfaction. The open door cost of a decision is the thing that must be provided up so as to accept an open door. It’s not the open door we picked, yet the estimation of the following best elective we didn’t pick. Each significant decision has an open door cost.

Conflict between sacrifice and love against selfishness and contempt - Literature Essay Samples

In George Orwell’s novel 1984 and Fritz Langs’ Metropolis, it is seen that both texts explore the conflict between the value of sacrifice and love against selfishness and contempt. Both Orwell and Lang explore this conflict in light of their differing contexts. Behind Metropolis, Lang foregrounds his own Christian values as the counter to economic pragmatism, reflecting the influences of his own Catholicism along with the emerging technological advancements of the Weimar Republic. Whilst, Orwell advocates the value of sacrifice and love of others in the face of political power, reflecting his fears regarding totalitarian regimes emerging out of WWII. In Metropolis, Lang presents this conflict through specific reference to self-sacrifice foregrounded by his Catholic values. Maria, being the ultimate depiction of these values, foretells to the working class, revealed in the inter-titles, that ‘the mediator between the head and the hands must be the heart’. By metaphorically representing this process as a person i.e. Freder, Lang is accentuating the role of human values in reforming the societal structures’ power, ultimately reflecting his intentions of Metropolis being a contextual message to the German people for a peaceful revolution. This recurring motif foregrounds Langs Catholic values as central to the continuation of human values. This is contrasted against the intertextuality of the original Tower of Babel story where a long shot displaying the exploited slaves reveals the implications of the selfishness of the upper class and how such power ultimately diminishes human values. In further exploring this c onflict, Lang employs a symbolic exclamation from a worker â€Å"someone has to stay at the machine†, emphasizing the influence of the machine age upon the selfish morality dictating current society. Lang further employs a medium shot portraying Freder replacing the worker which make evident Freder’s self sacrifice to relieve the oppression of the worker; that the preservation of their lives is Lang’s privileging of the human value of sacrifice that would otherwise be lost in the midst of selfishness. A long shot then portrays the religious iconography in the crucifixion pose of Freder working the machine. This reinforces Lang’s Catholic values and his idea of Freder as a Christ like savior who will restore the values in the midst of the selfishness diminishing them. Orwell similarly makes this conflict evident in 1984 where such selfishness ultimately deprives any forms of emotional human connections. The installation of the party into power creates a new hierarchical structure where their unilateral selfish desires are for ‘power†¦power, pure power†. The repetition of ‘power’ reinforces that its preservation is the driving force behind their oppressive crushing of human values as metaphorically conveyed in ‘power is tearing human minds to pieces and putting them together†. This diminishing of values is reflected through the restrictions on emotional relationships, based on Orwell’s fears of the continuity of totalitarian states and their devaluing of love and sacrifice. He presents love as the antithesis to these structures through Winston and Julia’s relationship: â€Å"a battle, the climax a victory†¦ a blow struck against the party† as Winston believes they ‘could not alter (their) feelings’. The metaphorical military imagery aligns the relationship with the revolt implicit in it, but also their love that conflicts with the party’s selfishness. However, O’Brien highlights the ineffectual nature of their opposition to authority in the metaphors â€Å"You are a flaw in the pattern†¦a stain that must be wiped out†. Their inconsequential revolt is further reinforced through Winston’s torture as he exclaims: â€Å"Do it to Julia! Not me!†¦ Tear her face off, strip her to the bones†. The graphic imagery within the imperative possesses violent connotations of suffering and evokes the horror of what Orwell is foreshadowing; that such totalitarian regimes destroy human values. This further reflects O’briens statement to Winston: â€Å"We do not merely destroy our enemies, we change them† foreshadowing Stalin’s totalitarianism where the Party’s selfish fabrication of reality; à ¢â‚¬Å"Who controls the past controls the future† contributes to the demise of human values, metaphorically rendering Winston a â€Å"lonely ghost uttering a truth†. In Metropolis, Lang presents a resolution through a return to human values, Orwell presents no such resolution as O’Brien metaphorically asserts: â€Å"We shall squeeze you empty †¦ fill you with ourselves†, highlighting the irrelevance of human values in this world. In Metropolis, Lang continues to portray the same diminishing of human values by the selfishness of those in power. Freder’s symbolic hallucination depicts a long shot portraying the workers being consumed as a sacrifice to ‘Moloch’ for the selfish desires of Frederson. In Personifying the workers’ actions as an act of satiating the machines: â€Å"Who feeds the machines with their own flesh?†, Lang is reflecting on his warnings that human values are lost as a result of embracing new technology as he found through his experiences of the Weimar republic’s privileging of automation. That for the sake of the ‘revolution of a mechanical wheel’, as revealed through the intertitle describing the Son’s club, human values are ultimately diminished. In alluding to the tradition of child sacrifice through the Moloch image, the workers are metaphorically made into â€Å"the living fodder for the machines†. This highlights Langà ¢â‚¬â„¢s warning about the innate dangers of selfish oppression, as he saw emerging out of the economic imperatives within the Weimar Republic. Despite this, Lang foregrounds mediation so that such contempt does not continue to diminish these values. The reverse angles between Grot and Frederson that suggest a space between them is contradicted against the subsequent two-shot of them standing on level ground on either side of the frame, with Maria in the middle facilitating mediation between their respective values. Lang is offering a positive reconciliation between the value of love after having been diminished by the selfishness of the upper class. Orwell portrays no such mediation in 1984, only a selfish valuing of power that engenders a similar disregard for others as it does in Metropolis. Orwell evokes the significance of values of love and sacrifice, identified by Winston as the ‘human heritage’. Winston reflects this through recalling his mothers gestures: â€Å"the enveloping protecting gesture of the arm†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The present participle verbs â€Å"enveloping† and â€Å"protecting† suggest that her gestures, even when taken away, extend beyond the ordinary parameters of time. This reinforces Winston’s hope of the preservation of human values, that â€Å"if the object was not to stay alive but to stay human†, the goal is the continuity and preservation of the human heritage foregrounded in his mothers gestures. However, Orwell presents the conflict of the diminishing of this ‘human heritage’ to a mindless loyalty in the midst of the party’s selfishness thr ough reference to his mother again who ‘had sacrificed herself to a conception of loyalty that was†¦unalterable’. The past tense ‘sacrificed’ foreshadows the self-sacrifice she represented that has been lost which is further echoed in the drowning metaphor of his mother and sister ‘in the saloon of a sinking ships, looking up at him through the darkening water’. This recurring motif and the present participle â€Å"darkening† further reinforce the irrevocable diminishing of human values in the midst of the party’s selfishness. These ideas are ultimately foreshadowing Orwell’s fears of the control of totalitarian dictatorships he found emerging out of WWII.

Traditional Russian Foods

Tupac Shakur And The West - 1280 Words

â€Å"I’m a reflection of the community,† - Tupac Shakur. (3) For most artists, music creates a medium that can be used to express their thoughts and feelings to listeners, but for Tupac Shakur, known mostly as 2Pac, music became the medium in which he communicated not only his own struggles, but also the struggles of his community and his peers. (1) Tupac possessed an uncanny ability to express emotion through his lyrics, being able to tell detailed and tangible stories about the daily violence and crime that he witnessed while growing up in the impoverished community of East Harlem, New York (Tupac moved to Los Angeles when he was 17). (4) Tupac’s counterpart, Biggie, known as The Notorious B.I.G., became the main figure of east coast rap†¦show more content†¦(M) Another reason Tupac should rest on a tier of his own comes from his ability to connect to the hoi polloi not only physically, but emotionally as well. (L) Tupac gained fame by rapping about r eal issues that plagued the society that he lived in, setting Tupac aside from the rest of the rappers who only rapped about money, drugs, and woman. (S) Tupac really came onto the scene with the song â€Å"Brenda’s Got a Baby.† (L) The song provides a chilling tale of a young girl in his neighborhood who turned to prostitution as a means of supporting herself and her child, ultimately leading to her death. (M) With Tupac, â€Å"you can feel the emotion in every word he raps, and part of the reason why this happens is because he’s so versatile† (Holden). (L) Another song that had great influence on society and Tupac’s legacy, â€Å"Keep Your Head Up†, became a hit song when released in 1993, quickly climbing to the top of the music charts. (S) In the song, Tupac tackles the issue of the lack of appreciation for woman. (M) Tupac â€Å"took the struggles of living in poverty and the ghetto and turned it into poetry. At times he tried to sprea d positive messages in his music† (Art of Rap Music). (S) Tupac’s music will forever remain in the hearts of its listeners because of its emotion, power, and ability to relate to. By reaching the hearts of his listeners, Tupac has influenced many of the prolific rapper of today. â€Å"Tupac was the first one toShow MoreRelatedTupac Shakur - Turning Struggles Into Success1646 Words   |  7 PagesTupac Shakur – Turning Struggles into Success Violent lyrics, a bad-boy image, and a long criminal record are what attracted and connected millions of young adults to the now legendary rapper Tupac Shakur. Tupac was a man of contradictions; for example, his music degraded and also praised strong women. Tupac Shakur rapped about problems that inner-city black Americans could relate to, along with his legal and personal drama; you could not get away from Tupac in the 1990’s. From the womb to theRead MoreEssay On Tupac1498 Words   |  6 PagesTupac Shakur, also known as 2pac and Makaveli, is a hip-hop icon. Not only was Tupac just a rapper, he was also a poet, actor, and a philosopher. Many people refer to him as a â€Å"Rap God† and â€Å"The King of Rap†. Tupac was well-known for his â€Å"Thug† image, rap skills, and his many conflicts. He changed the world, especially with his music and meaningful lyrics. He was born in the 1970’s, during the time of high racism against African Americans an d the crack epidemic. While growing up in East Harlem, NRead More Tupac Essay1045 Words   |  5 PagesTupac When thinking of the Hip-Hop industry, one of the first names that comes to mind is Tupac Shakur. Shakur was born in the Bronx on June 16, 1971. He was reared by his mother Afeni Shakur who was an active member of the Black Panthers. Tupacs family later relocated to Oakland, California, where he spent much of his time on the street. 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Impact of Social E-Commerce Variables Customers Shopping Behavior

Question: Discuss about theImpact of Social E-Commerce Variables for Customers Shopping Behavior. Answer: Introduction: Electronic commerce or e-Commerce is a facility to trade products through internet and social media. Technologies like mobile commerce, e-fund transfer, inventory management system, supply chain management and online marketing are introduced with the emergence of e-commerce. In modern era, use of internet, World Wide Web and e-mail has increased transactions through e-commerce. Online shopping facilitates retail sales directly to the consumer. A transformation in electronic, entertainment, apparel and consumer goods industry has been brought about by the introduction of e-commerce (Abou-Shouk, Lim Megicks 2016). In e-commerce, the customer takes into account both the cost and the revenue at the same time. The process of cost and revenue analysis helps in making strategy decision related to marketing activity, which in turn significantly can affect the organizations profit. Technological advancement of electronic devices made information accessible to all in varieties of types, sizes and price. Thus, the current trend of business using World Wide Web internet, the organization in e-business occupies the centre area. The researchers found it important to study the extent to which these companies can affect e-commerce and e-business. The success and development of these companies depend much on the global trend of adopting World Wide Web internet. Consumer behavior studies the behavior of individual customers or group of customers. Design, price, packaging, positioning, income level, age, gender all factors influences consumer behavior. Theories of the consumer behavior deals with the emotion and psychology of a consumer while buying products. Consumers are considered as rational economic individual. Adaptation of digital technology has changed on large scale the buying behavior of the consumer. The purpose of this report is to find out the factors influencing online shopping and at the same time develop a comprehensive study on online-shopping behavior of the co nsumer. This report also deals with the factor that discourages consumers from the usage of online shopping. Literature Review: Ecommerce is defined as the activity of buying, selling and exchanging goods and services over Internet without any physical contact between the buyer and the seller. There are four categories of E-commerce. In B2B e-commerce business transaction between companies is conducted over Internet through electronic support. According to Hyun Shik Yoon, Luis G. Occena, the business enterprises that sale their products to the consumers over internet is known as B2C e-commerce. Online transaction of products and services between two customers is C2C e-commerce. In C2B, a business extracts value from the customers. Factors Affecting Consumer Behavior in Social E-commerce: Social Media: According to the journal named Social commerce constructs and consumers intention to buy by Nick Hajli, social commerce has evolved as a new stream under E-commerce. It has enabled the suppliers to reach the customers through increased interaction. It has become popular through social networking sites. Social trends bring changes in e-commerce. Therefore, it is important for e-commerce retailers to engage themselves socially. Initially, while purchasing a product e-commerce is mainly used for making online transactions like payments without visiting the store physically. Shopping is considered as a social activity where individuals are interested in visiting stores with their near and dear ones and share their experiences with their peers. With the use of e-commerce sites, shoppers expect a similar kind of social experience while transacting with the sellers. Studies have revealed that consumers buying decision are influenced by the decision of their peers. Choice of e-commerce sites , choice of brands are some of the factors that are influenced by the decision of their friends and relatives. Social media like Facebook, Twitter are social platforms where ideas get exchanged (Doolin et al., 2012). Retailers use social media as a platform to advertise their products. Brand name perception is shared and is modified by users on social platform. Thus, it becomes important for an organization to transform itself from an individual entity to a community entity. Visibility and awareness about the company products increases with the appreciation and recommendations on social networking sites. The strength of social media lies in its ability to spread the information worldwide (Fang et al., 2016). Thus, firms popularize their products using social media as the platform. Consumers pass through certain phases while making an online purchase. Nick Hajli suggested that social commerce has introduced a new model of business of online commodities. Social commerce support online communication between the customers and the suppliers. This process is done on with Web2.0 application. Thus, an online community is developed which encourage the customers to share their experience and knowledge about the online purchase f goods and services. Social Commerce Contrast: Customers buying online products have a different experience compared to the customers buying offline commodities. According to the researchers that social media act as the social platform where consumers socialize themselves. These platforms empower the consumers to share their experiences over social networking sites. Customers can readily post their reviews and ratings on a particular product. These reviews and ratings provide important information to the potential customers. These reviews and ratings help a product to gain popularity. Customer feedback and ratings increases the level of trust (Yadav, Rai Srivastava 2014). However, the identity of the customers giving the reviews affects the potential consumers level of trust. Fake reviews and ratings are often produced to popularize a product. In case of offline shopping, the customers interact with the vendors before buying a commodity. On the other hand, in online shopping consumers rely more on the reviews and ratings. The so cial platform facilitates these interactions among the consumers. Members of the social media participate in different groups to increase the level of interaction. Trust: According to psychologist, trust is a personality trait. Those having high propensity to trust others easily tend to buy online goods as said by Hyun Shik Yoon, Luis G. Occena. Trust is the focus in all economic activities. Uncertainty is the main factor in case of social transaction. Trust plays an important role when perceived risk is high. Social media increases the interaction between the people over internet. A study on social commerce shows that customers want to decrease the level of uncertainty and risk before buying any product. It is argued that e-commerce sites give a detailed account of the products and services. This is facilitated by the social networking sites. Here, customer loyalty plays a crucial factor role. Hyun Shik Yoon and Luis G. Occena suggested that customer loyalty increases the revenue and profit of a business, which in turn helps in its growth and success. Technology and information techniques tend to change consumer behavior. In case of traditional shopp ing, consumers have some expectations from the company they have chosen to buy the products. Customers satisfaction and dissatisfaction influences customer loyalty and trust towards a brand/company. Trust is an important factor in all successful transaction. After sale, feedback depends much on the factor trust (Flanagin et al., 2014). Online-shopping activity is carried through electronic medium. Therefore, the consumers cannot either touch or feel the product before buying. Based on the information provided by the retailer on the online-shopping portals, consumers make their buying decision. The availability of information with respect to time curbs decision of the consumers. Buying Intention: According to Hyun Shik Yoon, Luis G. Occena and Nick Hajli buying intention depends various factors: Social gender roles show distinctive differences in buying attitude. Purchasing behavior is different in a masculine society from that of a feminine society. In a masculine society, a male shopper does all the buying decision while in a feminine society a female consumer does all the purchasing decisions. Studies revealed that males are more prone to do online shopping and online transaction compared to females (Mohseni et al., 2016). People in the age group between 18-35 years prefer online shopping. It can be assumed that this group of population belonging to this age group is busy with their career, marital relation and occupational activity. Thus, they have less time to visit stores physically (Ghandour 2015). On the other hand population belonging to the age group 60-80 years are often found avert to online shopping due to lack of knowledge to use electronic gadgets. Globalization: Globalization takes business beyond domestic and national boundaries. Technological advancement is the main driving force of globalization. Consumers, investors, businesspersons are all actors in the process of globalization. E-commerce is a process of exchanging goods over internet. All geographical boundaries disappear in business through e-commerce, making all buyers and sellers potential consumers and suppliers. Amazon, Flipkart, eBay are a few examples of business-to-consumer transactions. Globalization promotes e-commerce and online trading (Corbitt, Thanasankit Yi 2013). E-commerce has enabled business to communicate and make transactions anytime and anywhere. Conclusion: In the modern era of internet, e-commerce is gaining popularity. A detailed analysis reveals the factors that influence e-commerce and online shopping behavior of the consumers. In the present time of technological advancement, E-business is a modern method of changing tools used by the organization. This report is done to identify the impact of social ecommerce variables on e-business. These factors have contributed to the fundamental changes in the process and nature of the business management. Globally e business sector has adopted the idea of e-commerce applications. The importance of this study is to judge the variables affecting the relationship between e-commerce and sales pursuit. Here, time is considered as a important factor in e-commerce and e-business. So from the point of view of business, with less time spend on each transaction, more transaction can be done on a particular day. This became a reason why e-commerce has replaced traditional way of shopping. For example, c onsumers with different income groups also have different approach towards acceptance of e-commerce. Higher income groups are more prone to buy goods and services over internet rather than physically visiting a store. On the other hand, low-income groups still prefer visiting stores physically while buying goods and services. Again e-business and e-commerce is much more cost effective compared to traditional way as e-commerce is useful in payment both from consumer and supplier side. In e-business, and transacting through e-commerce no middleman factor play here as in case of traditional business. Hence ecommerce is much more cost effective than traditional business. For example, Dell, a company in computer business, practices the methods of e-business without using any middleman. Retailers often exploit social medium to communicate with their potential customers. Social integration provides the retailers and the marketers to better understand the consumer behavior (Wang, Yu Wei 20 12). References: Abarbanel, B., Rahman, A. (2015). eCommerce market convergence in action: Social casinos and real money gambling.UNLV Gaming Research Review Journal,19(1), 4. Abou-Shouk, M. A., Lim, W. M., Megicks, P. (2016). Using competing models to evaluate the role of environmental pressures in ecommerce adoption by small and medium sized travel agents in a developing country.Tourism Management,52, 327-339. Agudo-Peregrina, . F., Hernndez-Garca, .,Acquila-Natale, E. (2016). 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